Planning tool
Seed Depth Planner
Use catalog sowing-depth data to separate tiny shallow-sown seeds from larger deep-sown seeds before preparing rows, trays, or raised beds; source notes below explain the vegetable and indoor-start guidance behind the checks.
Planning tool
Current seed-depth check
Normal direct rowUse the catalog depth as the row starting point, then check seedbed moisture, soil temperature, and spacing.
Seed depth cross-section
Normal direct row · catalog depth check
Static soil cross-section shows shallow cover, standard row depth, deep furrows, and tray-depth candidates.
Light cover68 seeds
Standard rows18 rows
Deep crops17 crops
Indoor starts50 crops
Default seed-depth context presets
Use Tiny seed or light cover, Normal direct row, Large seed or hill, Indoor tray, Sandy or drying bed, or Clay or crusting bed before asking users to interpret exact sowing-depth numbers.
Light-cover seeds (68)
- Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Danvers 126 Carrot Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Roma Tomato Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Genovese Basil Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Arp Rosemary Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Black-Eyed Susan Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Blanketflower Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- California Poppy Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Canada Goldenrod Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Chief Mix Celosia Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Clustered Mountain Mint Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Common Lemon Balm Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Common Summer Savory Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Common Thyme Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Dense Blazing Star Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Eastern Bee Balm Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Foxglove Beardtongue Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- German Chamomile Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Grandiflora Petunia Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Greek Oregano Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Indian Summer Rudbeckia Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Joe Pye Weed Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Lanceleaf Coreopsis Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Munstead Lavender Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- New England Aster Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Red Garnet Amaranth Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Sweet Alyssum Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Tall Double Mix Strawflower Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Tall Maximum Snapdragon Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Tall Utah Celery Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Tall Verbena Cover around 1/8"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- American Flag Leek Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Annual Ryegrass Cover Crop Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Astro Arugula Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Berseem Clover Cover Crop Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Black Beauty Eggplant Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Blue Boy Bachelor's Button Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Bouquet Dill Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Broadleaf Sage Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- California Giant Zinnia Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- California Wonder Pepper Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Common Anise Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Common Borage Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Common Chives Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Common Milkweed Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Crimson Clover Cover Crop Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Early White Vienna Kohlrabi Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Evergreen Bunching Onion Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Florence Fennel Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- French Marigold Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Giant Imperial Larkspur Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Globe Amaranth Gomphrena Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Green Curled Endive Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Green Globe Artichoke Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Italian Flat Leaf Parsley Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Little Bluestem Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Long Island Improved Brussels Sprouts Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Pacific Beauty Calendula Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Purple Coneflower Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Red Stem Malabar Spinach Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Santo Cilantro Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Sensation Mix Cosmos Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Southern Giant Curled Mustard Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Swamp Milkweed Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Toma Verde Tomatillo Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Vit Mache Corn Salad Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- White Stem Bok Choy Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
- Yellow Mustard Cover Crop Cover around 1/4"; keep the surface fine, firm, and evenly moist.
Standard 1/2-inch rows (18)
- French Breakfast Radish Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Bloomsdale Spinach Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- American Purple Top Rutabaga Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Bright Lights Swiss Chard Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Buckwheat Cover Crop Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Detroit Dark Red Beet Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Georgia Southern Collards Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Golden Acre Cabbage Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Hairy Vetch Cover Crop Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Hollow Crown Parsnip Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Jewel Mix Nasturtium Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Lacinato Kale Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Minowase Daikon Radish Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Oilseed Radish Cover Crop Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Purple Top White Globe Turnip Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Snowball Y Cauliflower Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Sorghum-Sudangrass Cover Crop Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
- Waltham 29 Broccoli Sow around 1/2" in an even furrow; close and water the row without washing seed out.
Deep furrow or hill crops (17)
- Provider Bush Bean Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Sugar Snap Pea Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Marketmore 76 Cucumber Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Clemson Spineless Okra Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Delicata Winter Squash Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Envy Edamame Soybean Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Field Pea Cover Crop Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Golden Bantam Sweet Corn Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Hale's Best Jumbo Melon Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Mammoth Sunflower Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Red Noodle Yardlong Bean Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Small Sugar Pumpkin Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Spencer Mix Sweet Pea Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Spring Oats Cover Crop Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Sugar Baby Watermelon Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Waltham Butternut Squash Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
- Winter Rye Cover Crop Sow around 1"; firm the furrow or hill and keep moisture steady until emergence.
Indoor tray candidates (50)
- Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Roma Tomato Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Genovese Basil Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Marketmore 76 Cucumber Use tray medium and cover near 1"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Arp Rosemary Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Chief Mix Celosia Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Common Lemon Balm Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Common Thyme Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Dense Blazing Star Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Eastern Bee Balm Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Grandiflora Petunia Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Greek Oregano Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Indian Summer Rudbeckia Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Joe Pye Weed Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Munstead Lavender Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Sweet Alyssum Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Tall Double Mix Strawflower Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Tall Maximum Snapdragon Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Tall Utah Celery Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Tall Verbena Use tray medium and cover near 1/8"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- American Flag Leek Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Black Beauty Eggplant Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Broadleaf Sage Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- California Giant Zinnia Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- California Wonder Pepper Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Common Chives Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Early White Vienna Kohlrabi Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Evergreen Bunching Onion Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Florence Fennel Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- French Marigold Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Globe Amaranth Gomphrena Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Green Curled Endive Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Green Globe Artichoke Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Italian Flat Leaf Parsley Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Long Island Improved Brussels Sprouts Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Purple Coneflower Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Red Stem Malabar Spinach Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Toma Verde Tomatillo Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- White Stem Bok Choy Use tray medium and cover near 1/4"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Bright Lights Swiss Chard Use tray medium and cover near 1/2"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Georgia Southern Collards Use tray medium and cover near 1/2"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Golden Acre Cabbage Use tray medium and cover near 1/2"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Lacinato Kale Use tray medium and cover near 1/2"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Snowball Y Cauliflower Use tray medium and cover near 1/2"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Waltham 29 Broccoli Use tray medium and cover near 1/2"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Delicata Winter Squash Use tray medium and cover near 1"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Hale's Best Jumbo Melon Use tray medium and cover near 1"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Small Sugar Pumpkin Use tray medium and cover near 1"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Sugar Baby Watermelon Use tray medium and cover near 1"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
- Waltham Butternut Squash Use tray medium and cover near 1"; thin cells after emergence if more than one seedling grows.
Inputs
- Seed and bed context
- Start with tiny seed or light cover, a normal direct row, large seed or hill crops, indoor trays, sandy drying beds, or clay and crusting beds before using exact catalog depth.
- Catalog sowing depth
- Each catalog entry stores a sowDepthIn value so depth can be checked beside spacing, row spacing, germination temperature, and start method.
- Seed size and start method
- Small seeds, indoor starts, and direct-sown rows need different handling even when the same crop can be started more than one way.
- Soil texture and seedbed
- Adjust field depth only after preparing a fine seedbed, moistening the row, and considering whether the bed is sandy, clayey, crusting, or dry.
- Spacing context
- Depth is only one part of stand establishment; pair it with in-row spacing, row spacing, thinning, soil temperature, and irrigation.
What it returns
- Shallow-sown candidates that need light covering, careful watering, or indoor-row handling.
- Deep-sown candidates with larger seeds that can fit deeper furrows or hills.
- A soil-texture check for direct sowing and a growing-medium check for indoor starts.
- Internal links to direct-sow, seed-starting, soil-prep, soil-temperature, germination troubleshooting, and spacing tools.
Planning guidance
- Seedbed first
- Prepare a fine seedbed before sowing so shallow seed is not buried under clods and deeper seed has firm seed-to-soil contact.
- Texture adjustment
- UMN notes that sandy soils a little deeper than clay soils can be appropriate, but the catalog depth should stay the starting point.
- Uniform rows
- Open furrows and close them carefully so seed is covered at a uniform depth instead of disappearing into uneven ridges.
- Indoor-start rule
- For indoor trays, UMD recommends covering seed at about twice the diameter of the seed, with small or medium seed rows about 1/8 to 1/4 inch deep.
- Chart context
- Use Planting Depth chart values as vegetable-depth context with spacing, row spacing, thinning, and germination temperature rather than treating depth as the only establishment rule for every catalog category.
- Moisture caveat
- Keep shallow seed evenly moist without washing it out; deeper seed still fails when planted into cold, compacted, or waterlogged soil.
Shallow-sown candidates
- Arp Rosemary 1/8 in. sowing depth · 65-80F germination · Start indoors
- Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce 1/8 in. sowing depth · 45-75F germination · Either
- Black-Eyed Susan 1/8 in. sowing depth · 65-75F germination · Direct sow
- Blanketflower 1/8 in. sowing depth · 60-75F germination · Direct sow
- California Poppy 1/8 in. sowing depth · 50-70F germination · Direct sow
- Canada Goldenrod 1/8 in. sowing depth · 60-75F germination · Direct sow
- Chief Mix Celosia 1/8 in. sowing depth · 70-85F germination · Start indoors
- Clustered Mountain Mint 1/8 in. sowing depth · 60-75F germination · Direct sow
- Common Lemon Balm 1/8 in. sowing depth · 60-75F germination · Either
- Common Summer Savory 1/8 in. sowing depth · 60-80F germination · Direct sow
- Common Thyme 1/8 in. sowing depth · 60-75F germination · Start indoors
- Dense Blazing Star 1/8 in. sowing depth · 60-75F germination · Either
Deep-sown candidates
- Clemson Spineless Okra 1 in. sowing depth · 18" spacing · Direct sow
- Delicata Winter Squash 1 in. sowing depth · 36" spacing · Either
- Envy Edamame Soybean 1 in. sowing depth · 4" spacing · Direct sow
- Field Pea Cover Crop 1 in. sowing depth · 2" spacing · Direct sow
- Golden Bantam Sweet Corn 1 in. sowing depth · 12" spacing · Direct sow
- Hale's Best Jumbo Melon 1 in. sowing depth · 36" spacing · Either
- Mammoth Sunflower 1 in. sowing depth · 18" spacing · Direct sow
- Marketmore 76 Cucumber 1 in. sowing depth · 18" spacing · Either
- Provider Bush Bean 1 in. sowing depth · 4" spacing · Direct sow
- Red Noodle Yardlong Bean 1 in. sowing depth · 6" spacing · Direct sow
- Small Sugar Pumpkin 1 in. sowing depth · 36" spacing · Either
- Spencer Mix Sweet Pea 1 in. sowing depth · 6" spacing · Direct sow
Supporting planning paths
- Full Seed Catalog 103 varieties with sowing depth, spacing, and timing data
- Direct Sow Garden Planner 85 entries with outdoor sowing windows
- Seed-Starting Planner 50 entries with indoor-start timing
- Soil Temperature Germination Planner Check bed warmth before using outdoor sowing depth
- Seed Germination Troubleshooting Planner Diagnose failed emergence when sowing depth, moisture, and temperature interact
- Garden Soil Prep Planner Prepare a fine, workable seedbed before choosing final sowing depth
- Raised Bed Spacing Planner Pair depth with in-row spacing, row spacing, and bed dimensions
- Seed Spacing and Thinning Planner Keep depth decisions connected to final spacing and thinning
- Direct Sow Catalog 85 direct-sow-capable entries
- Start Indoors Catalog 50 indoor-start entries
Source basis
- UMN Extension planting the vegetable garden Fine seedbed preparation, furrow opening, soil-texture depth adjustment, and uniform-depth direct seeding guidance
- CSU Extension vegetable planting guide Vegetable seed chart with Planting Depth, spacing, and germination-temperature fields
- Clemson Extension planning a garden Vegetable planting chart context for crop timing, spacing, rows, and Planting Depth decisions
- UMD Extension starting seeds indoors Indoor seed-starting depth, small-seed row depth, growing-medium moisture, and early seedling handling guidance