Planning tool
Soil Temperature Germination Planner
Start with no-thermometer soil-warmth presets when an exact reading is not handy, then use catalog germination ranges as a go/no-go check before direct sowing outdoors, starting seeds indoors, or transplanting into cold beds.
Planning tool
Current soil warmth check
50F soil: cool-season seeds can start33 catalog entries are in range at 50F; 70 need warmer beds before sowing or transplanting.
Soil heat profile
0 above range at this reading.
Soil reading50F
Ready now33 crops
Wait for warmth70 crops
Too warm0 crops
Default 50F readiness check
At 50F measured soil temperature, the catalog can start with a ready/wait split before users inspect every seed card.
Ready at 50F (33)
- Winter Rye Cover Crop In 34-75F range · 34-75F germination range
- Giant Imperial Larkspur In 40-65F range · 40-65F germination range
- Vit Mache Corn Salad In 40-70F range · 40-70F germination range
- Field Pea Cover Crop In 40-75F range · 40-75F germination range
- Spring Oats Cover Crop In 40-75F range · 40-75F germination range
- Sugar Snap Pea In 40-75F range · 40-75F germination range
- Bloomsdale Spinach In 45-68F range · 45-68F germination range
- Annual Ryegrass Cover Crop In 45-75F range · 45-75F germination range
- Astro Arugula In 45-75F range · 45-75F germination range
- Berseem Clover Cover Crop In 45-75F range · 45-75F germination range
- Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce In 45-75F range · 45-75F germination range
- Green Curled Endive In 45-75F range · 45-75F germination range
- Hairy Vetch Cover Crop In 45-75F range · 45-75F germination range
- American Purple Top Rutabaga In 45-85F range · 45-85F germination range
- Danvers 126 Carrot In 45-85F range · 45-85F germination range
- Early White Vienna Kohlrabi In 45-85F range · 45-85F germination range
- French Breakfast Radish In 45-85F range · 45-85F germination range
- Long Island Improved Brussels Sprouts In 45-85F range · 45-85F germination range
- Minowase Daikon Radish In 45-85F range · 45-85F germination range
- Oilseed Radish Cover Crop In 45-85F range · 45-85F germination range
- Southern Giant Curled Mustard In 45-85F range · 45-85F germination range
- White Stem Bok Choy In 45-85F range · 45-85F germination range
- Yellow Mustard Cover Crop In 45-85F range · 45-85F germination range
- California Poppy In 50-70F range · 50-70F germination range
- Spencer Mix Sweet Pea In 50-70F range · 50-70F germination range
- Evergreen Bunching Onion In 50-75F range · 50-75F germination range
- Hollow Crown Parsnip In 50-75F range · 50-75F germination range
- Italian Flat Leaf Parsley In 50-75F range · 50-75F germination range
- Santo Cilantro In 50-75F range · 50-75F germination range
- Crimson Clover Cover Crop In 50-80F range · 50-80F germination range
- Bright Lights Swiss Chard In 50-85F range · 50-85F germination range
- Detroit Dark Red Beet In 50-85F range · 50-85F germination range
- Purple Top White Globe Turnip In 50-85F range · 50-85F germination range
Wait for warmer soil (70)
- Blue Boy Bachelor's Button Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-70F germination range
- Pacific Beauty Calendula Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-70F germination range
- American Flag Leek Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-75F germination range
- Common Chives Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-75F germination range
- Common Milkweed Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-75F germination range
- Jewel Mix Nasturtium Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-75F germination range
- Swamp Milkweed Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-75F germination range
- Sweet Alyssum Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-75F germination range
- Georgia Southern Collards Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-85F germination range
- Golden Acre Cabbage Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-85F germination range
- Lacinato Kale Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-85F germination range
- Snowball Y Cauliflower Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-85F germination range
- Waltham 29 Broccoli Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-85F germination range
- Buckwheat Cover Crop Wait for 55F+ soil · 55-90F germination range
- Blanketflower Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Bouquet Dill Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Broadleaf Sage Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Canada Goldenrod Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Clustered Mountain Mint Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Common Anise Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Common Lemon Balm Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Common Thyme Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Dense Blazing Star Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Eastern Bee Balm Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Foxglove Beardtongue Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- German Chamomile Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Greek Oregano Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Joe Pye Weed Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Lanceleaf Coreopsis Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- New England Aster Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Tall Maximum Snapdragon Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Tall Utah Celery Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Tall Verbena Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-75F germination range
- Common Borage Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-80F germination range
- Common Summer Savory Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-80F germination range
- Florence Fennel Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-80F germination range
- Little Bluestem Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-80F germination range
- Envy Edamame Soybean Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-85F germination range
- Provider Bush Bean Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-85F germination range
- Golden Bantam Sweet Corn Wait for 60F+ soil · 60-95F germination range
- Black-Eyed Susan Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-75F germination range
- Indian Summer Rudbeckia Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-75F germination range
- Munstead Lavender Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-75F germination range
- Purple Coneflower Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-75F germination range
- Arp Rosemary Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-80F germination range
- Green Globe Artichoke Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-80F germination range
- Tall Double Mix Strawflower Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-80F germination range
- Mammoth Sunflower Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-85F germination range
- Red Garnet Amaranth Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-85F germination range
- Sensation Mix Cosmos Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-85F germination range
- Red Noodle Yardlong Bean Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-90F germination range
- Sorghum-Sudangrass Cover Crop Wait for 65F+ soil · 65-90F germination range
- Grandiflora Petunia Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-80F germination range
- California Giant Zinnia Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-85F germination range
- Chief Mix Celosia Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-85F germination range
- French Marigold Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-85F germination range
- Genovese Basil Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-85F germination range
- Globe Amaranth Gomphrena Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-85F germination range
- Red Stem Malabar Spinach Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-90F germination range
- Roma Tomato Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-90F germination range
- Toma Verde Tomatillo Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-90F germination range
- Clemson Spineless Okra Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-95F germination range
- Delicata Winter Squash Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-95F germination range
- Hale's Best Jumbo Melon Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-95F germination range
- Marketmore 76 Cucumber Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-95F germination range
- Small Sugar Pumpkin Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-95F germination range
- Waltham Butternut Squash Wait for 70F+ soil · 70-95F germination range
- Black Beauty Eggplant Wait for 75F+ soil · 75-90F germination range
- California Wonder Pepper Wait for 75F+ soil · 75-90F germination range
- Sugar Baby Watermelon Wait for 75F+ soil · 75-95F germination range
Inputs
- No thermometer presets
- Start with cold spring bed, cool-season bed, mild spring bed, warm-season bed, or hot summer bed patterns before typing an exact 4-inch soil temperature.
- Exact soil temperature reading
- Optional fallback for gardeners with a soil thermometer; measure about 4 inches deep, then compare that reading with local frost risk and the seed catalog range.
- Catalog germination range
- Each seed entry stores a low and high germination temperature so cold-soil and hot-soil mismatches are visible before planting.
- Start method
- Direct sowing depends on outdoor soil warmth; indoor starts depend on warm growing medium before hardening and transplant timing.
- Season and frost context
- Cool-season entries tolerate colder starts better than warm-season entries, but frost risk and local forecasts still control outdoor planting.
What it returns
- Seed candidates that can start in cooler soil when the bed is workable.
- Seed candidates that should wait for warm soil and settled outdoor conditions.
- A mismatch check for seed-starting trays, direct sowing, and transplant timing.
- Internal links to calendar, cool-season, warm-season, direct-sow, indoor-start, tray sizing, and germination troubleshooting planning paths.
Planning guidance
- Field reading
- Use a soil thermometer placed about 4 inches deep, then compare the reading with the catalog range instead of planting by calendar date alone.
- Minimum threshold
- Plant when soils reach minimum temperature measured at 8 a.m., 4 inches deep; CSU notes beans are measured deeper than most entries.
- Cool-season start
- Early cool-season crops can use 40-50F soil when beds are workable, but check frost forecasts before treating cold tolerance as complete safety.
- Moderate warmth
- Moderately warm-season crops often establish better once soil reaches 55-60F, especially when roots need stronger early growth.
- Warm-season wait
- Heat-loving crops should wait for 65F or warmer soil and passed frost risk before outdoor planting.
- Indoor-start caveat
- Indoor trays need moist growing medium, steady warmth, and light after germination; a germination range is not a transplant date.
Regional soil-temperature fallback
- Regional Planting Guides Use regional guides to check local soil warm-up and frost timing before treating a thermometer reading as ready; 111 source-backed regional guides cover All 50 U.S. states.
- Planting Calendar Tool Pair soil warmth with last frost, first frost, direct-sow, and transplant windows
- USDA Zone and Frost-Date Planner Keep hardiness zones separate from local soil temperature and annual frost timing
Cool-soil candidates
- Winter Rye Cover Crop 34-75F germination · Cool season · Direct sow
- Giant Imperial Larkspur 40-65F germination · Cool season · Direct sow
- Vit Mache Corn Salad 40-70F germination · Cool season · Direct sow
- Field Pea Cover Crop 40-75F germination · Cool season · Direct sow
- Spring Oats Cover Crop 40-75F germination · Cool season · Direct sow
- Sugar Snap Pea 40-75F germination · Cool season · Direct sow
- Bloomsdale Spinach 45-68F germination · Cool season · Direct sow
- Annual Ryegrass Cover Crop 45-75F germination · Cool season · Direct sow
- Astro Arugula 45-75F germination · Cool season · Direct sow
- Berseem Clover Cover Crop 45-75F germination · Cool season · Direct sow
- Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce 45-75F germination · Cool season · Either
- Green Curled Endive 45-75F germination · Cool season · Either
Warm-soil candidates
- Sugar Baby Watermelon 75-95F germination · Warm season · Either
- Black Beauty Eggplant 75-90F germination · Warm season · Start indoors
- California Wonder Pepper 75-90F germination · Warm season · Start indoors
- Clemson Spineless Okra 70-95F germination · Warm season · Direct sow
- Delicata Winter Squash 70-95F germination · Warm season · Either
- Hale's Best Jumbo Melon 70-95F germination · Warm season · Either
- Marketmore 76 Cucumber 70-95F germination · Warm season · Either
- Small Sugar Pumpkin 70-95F germination · Warm season · Either
- Waltham Butternut Squash 70-95F germination · Warm season · Either
- Red Stem Malabar Spinach 70-90F germination · Warm season · Either
- Roma Tomato 70-90F germination · Warm season · Start indoors
- Toma Verde Tomatillo 70-90F germination · Warm season · Start indoors
Supporting planning paths
- Full Seed Catalog 103 varieties with germination temperature ranges
- Direct Sow Garden Planner 85 entries with outdoor sowing windows
- Seed-Starting Planner 50 entries with indoor-start timing
- Cool Season Garden Planner 38 cool-season entries
- Warm Season Garden Planner 55 warm-season entries
- Planting Calendar Tool Combine soil warmth with last frost, first frost, and harvest timing
- Seed-Starting Tray Planner Size indoor-start batches after checking warm media and cold-bed transplant risk
- Seed Germination Troubleshooting Planner Diagnose cold media, slow sprouting, damping-off, moisture, and depth problems after soil-temperature checks
- Cool Season Catalog 38 cool-season varieties
- Warm Season Catalog 55 warm-season varieties
Source basis
- UMN Extension planting the vegetable garden Soil temperature, cool-season direct seeding, warm-season planting, last-frost timing, and hot-cap guidance
- UMN Extension guide to garden timing Soil thermometer depth, cold-soil risk, frost risk, and 40-50F, 55-60F, and 65F+ crop timing thresholds
- CSU Extension vegetable planting guide Minimum, optimum, and maximum germination temperature tables plus 8 a.m. soil-temperature measurement guidance
- Clemson Extension planning a garden Cool-season and warm-season crop grouping, freeze risk, maturity timing, and regional planting-date context
- UMD Extension starting seeds indoors Growing-medium warmth, moisture, quick germination guidance, and selected indoor seed-starting temperatures