Planning tool
Frost Protection and Season Extension Planner
Start with common forecast-risk presets when the exact low is not handy, then use first and last frost dates, catalog crop timing, soil temperature, crop tolerance, row covers, cold frames, hot caps, and removal timing before pushing a garden earlier or later.
Planning tool
Current frost protection plan
29F light-freeze planLight freeze edge: Use lightweight cover for cool-season beds. Delay or move tender warm-season crops; lightweight cover is near its edge.
Frost risk map
Static frost map shows the same cold band, covered rows, and tender-crop pressure.
Forecast low29F
Tender crops39 crops
Cool cover30 crops
Risk levelLight freeze edge
Default 29F frost protection plan
Light freeze edge: Use lightweight cover for cool-season beds. Delay or move tender warm-season crops; lightweight cover is near its edge.
Tender warm-season crops (39)
- Arp Rosemary Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Black Beauty Eggplant Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Broadleaf Sage Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- California Giant Zinnia Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- California Wonder Pepper Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Chief Mix Celosia Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Clemson Spineless Okra Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Common Anise Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Common Borage Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Common Lemon Balm Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Common Summer Savory Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Delicata Winter Squash Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Envy Edamame Soybean Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Florence Fennel Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- French Marigold Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Genovese Basil Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- German Chamomile Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Globe Amaranth Gomphrena Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Golden Bantam Sweet Corn Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Grandiflora Petunia Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Greek Oregano Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Green Globe Artichoke Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Hale's Best Jumbo Melon Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Indian Summer Rudbeckia Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Mammoth Sunflower Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Marketmore 76 Cucumber Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Munstead Lavender Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Provider Bush Bean Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Red Garnet Amaranth Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Red Noodle Yardlong Bean Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Red Stem Malabar Spinach Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Roma Tomato Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Sensation Mix Cosmos Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Small Sugar Pumpkin Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Sugar Baby Watermelon Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Tall Double Mix Strawflower Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Tall Verbena Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Toma Verde Tomatillo Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
- Waltham Butternut Squash Delay, move indoors, or use stronger protection than lightweight cover before this low. · Warm season
Cool-season cover candidates (30)
- American Flag Leek Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- American Purple Top Rutabaga Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Astro Arugula Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Bloomsdale Spinach Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Blue Boy Bachelor's Button Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Common Chives Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Detroit Dark Red Beet Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Early White Vienna Kohlrabi Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- French Breakfast Radish Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Georgia Southern Collards Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Giant Imperial Larkspur Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Golden Acre Cabbage Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Green Curled Endive Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Hollow Crown Parsnip Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Lacinato Kale Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Long Island Improved Brussels Sprouts Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Minowase Daikon Radish Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Pacific Beauty Calendula Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Purple Top White Globe Turnip Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Santo Cilantro Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Snowball Y Cauliflower Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Southern Giant Curled Mustard Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Spencer Mix Sweet Pea Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Sugar Snap Pea Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Tall Maximum Snapdragon Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Tall Utah Celery Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Vit Mache Corn Salad Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- Waltham 29 Broccoli Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
- White Stem Bok Choy Use lightweight hooped row cover and anchor it before dusk; add stronger protection if wind or lower pockets are likely. · Cool season
Inputs
- Forecast risk presets
- Start with no frost, frost watch, light freeze, hard freeze, or deep freeze patterns before typing an exact overnight low.
- Exact forecast low
- Optional fallback for gardeners with a local forecast number; the tool turns one temperature into tender-crop and cool-season action lists.
- Last and first frost dates
- Use the last expected spring frost and first expected fall frost as planning anchors; hardiness zones do not replace local frost dates.
- Catalog crop tolerance
- Separate frost-sensitive warm-season crops from cool-season greens and fall-window entries before choosing a cover or planting date.
- Cover type and ventilation
- Compare lightweight, medium, and heavy row covers with hot caps, cold frames, low tunnels, and water-filled walls, then plan daily ventilation when heat builds.
- Pollination and removal timing
- Remove covers from cucumbers, squash, melons, pumpkins, strawberries, and similar fruiting crops when bloom and pollinator access matter.
What it returns
- Frost-sensitive warm-season candidates that need settled weather, warm soil, and careful early protection.
- Cool-season cover candidates that can use row covers for spring establishment or fall protection.
- Fall extension candidates with first-frost planting windows and catalog timing context.
- Internal links to frost-date, planting-calendar, hardening-off, soil-temperature, watering, cool-season, warm-season, and fall planning paths.
Planning guidance
- Soil temperature boundary
- Season extension does not erase soil temperature needs; use soil warmth with frost dates before direct sowing or transplanting heat-loving crops.
- Warm transplant push
- UMN says water-filled walls can let tomatoes, peppers and eggplant go out three weeks earlier than normal, but remove them once plants emerge from the top.
- Row cover setup
- Use row covers with enough slack for growth and anchor all sides; supported low tunnels reduce wind whipping and help keep covers off tender leaves.
- Cold boundary
- UMN heavy row covers can protect around 20F but block 40 to 50 percent of sunlight and can overheat plants, so use them briefly around freezes.
- Light cover boundary
- Clemson says lightweight hooped row covers can protect to 28F, while heavier covers are needed for deeper cold snaps.
- Ventilation and heat stress
- Open tunnels or cloches for ventilation on warm sunny days; UMD warns temperatures under row covers can rise 5-15F and cause heat stress.
- Pollination removal
- For cucumbers, squash, melons and pumpkins, remove the cover once the plants start to bloom so bees can reach the flowers.
- Cool-season greens
- Medium row cover in September can keep cool-season greens alive later into fall, while UMD lists lettuce, spinach, arugula and radish as cover candidates from planting through harvest.
- Cold frames
- Use cold frames for winter greens, smaller herbs, or protected root crops, but ventilate on sunny days and keep soil moist, not soggy.
- Catalog boundary
- Candidate lists come from catalog season, direct-sow, transplant, and fall-window fields; the extension sources explain how covers and frost dates change risk.
Regional frost-risk fallback
- Regional Planting Guides Use regional guides to check local frost-risk and season-extension timing; 111 source-backed regional guides cover All 50 U.S. states.
- USDA Zone and Frost-Date Planner Keep hardiness zones separate from first-frost and last-frost protection decisions
Frost-sensitive warm-season candidates
- Roma Tomato transplant 14 days after last frost · Start indoors · 70-90F germination
- California Wonder Pepper transplant 21 days after last frost · Start indoors · 75-90F germination
- Black Beauty Eggplant transplant 21 days after last frost · Start indoors · 75-90F germination
- Marketmore 76 Cucumber direct sow 14 days after last frost or transplant 14 days after last frost · Either · 70-95F germination
- Waltham Butternut Squash direct sow 14 days after last frost or transplant 14 days after last frost · Either · 70-95F germination
- Small Sugar Pumpkin direct sow 14 days after last frost or transplant 14 days after last frost · Either · 70-95F germination
- Sugar Baby Watermelon direct sow 14 days after last frost or transplant 14 days after last frost · Either · 75-95F germination
- Hale's Best Jumbo Melon direct sow 14 days after last frost or transplant 14 days after last frost · Either · 70-95F germination
- Genovese Basil direct sow 14 days after last frost or transplant 14 days after last frost · Either · 70-85F germination
- Provider Bush Bean direct sow 10 days after last frost · Direct sow · 60-85F germination
- Toma Verde Tomatillo transplant 14 days after last frost · Start indoors · 70-90F germination
- California Giant Zinnia direct sow 7 days after last frost or transplant 7 days after last frost · Either · 70-85F germination
Cool-season cover candidates
- Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce direct sow 28 days before last frost or transplant 14 days before last frost · Either · 45 days
- Bloomsdale Spinach direct sow 35 days before last frost · Direct sow · 42 days
- Lacinato Kale direct sow 28 days before last frost or transplant 14 days before last frost · Either · 60 days
- Waltham 29 Broccoli direct sow 21 days before last frost or transplant 14 days before last frost · Either · 74 days
- Golden Acre Cabbage direct sow 21 days before last frost or transplant 14 days before last frost · Either · 64 days
- Snowball Y Cauliflower transplant 14 days before last frost · Start indoors · 70 days
- Georgia Southern Collards direct sow 28 days before last frost or transplant 14 days before last frost · Either · 65 days
- White Stem Bok Choy direct sow 21 days before last frost or transplant 14 days before last frost · Either · 45 days
- Astro Arugula direct sow 21 days before last frost · Direct sow · 35 days
- French Breakfast Radish direct sow 28 days before last frost · Direct sow · 28 days
- Sugar Snap Pea direct sow 35 days before last frost · Direct sow · 62 days
- Purple Top White Globe Turnip direct sow 21 days before last frost · Direct sow · 55 days
Fall extension candidates
- Bloomsdale Spinach 8 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Direct sow
- Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce 8 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Either
- Lacinato Kale 10 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Either
- French Breakfast Radish 6 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Direct sow
- Astro Arugula 6 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Direct sow
- Southern Giant Curled Mustard 8 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Direct sow
- White Stem Bok Choy 8 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Either
- Vit Mache Corn Salad 8 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Direct sow
- Danvers 126 Carrot 10 weeks before first frost · Shoulder season · Direct sow
- Detroit Dark Red Beet 9 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Direct sow
- Sugar Snap Pea 10 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Direct sow
- Golden Acre Cabbage 12 weeks before first frost · Cool season · Either
Supporting planning paths
- Full Seed Catalog 103 varieties with frost, season, and timing context
- Fall Planting Planner 63 entries with first-frost windows
- Cool Season Garden Planner 38 cool-season entries
- Warm Season Garden Planner 55 frost-sensitive warm-season entries
- Transplant Garden Planner 50 transplant-capable varieties
- Planting Calendar Tool Convert frost offsets and fall windows into local dates
- USDA Zone and Frost-Date Planner Keep hardiness zone separate from annual frost timing
- Hardening-Off Transplant Planner Acclimate transplants before using covers as protection
- Soil Temperature Germination Planner Check warm-season soil before early sowing or transplanting
- Garden Watering Planner Keep protected beds moist, not soggy, while covers and cold frames change drying rates
Source basis
- Clemson Extension row covers, cold frames, and season extension Hooped row covers, headspace, 28F lightweight cover guidance, cold-frame ventilation, and moist-not-soggy winter soil
- UMD Extension extending the vegetable growing season Floating row cover season extension, per-layer temperature gain, frost/freeze date awareness, and young-seedling protection
- UMD Extension row covers Row-cover setup, spring and fall soil/air warming, irrigation access, heat stress, crop-specific removal, and pollination timing
- UMN Extension extending the growing season Soil-warming mulch, hot caps, water-filled walls, row-cover weights, low tunnels, ventilation, pollination removal, and fall greens guidance