Planning path
Fall Planting Planner
Use the first expected frost date, catalog weeks-before-frost windows, and local extension timing before choosing a fall sowing date.
Current fall frost plan
4-wave fall frost runway
Work backward from Oct 15 first frost: long brassicas first, leafy blocks next, cool greens after summer heat, then one final quick gap sowing.
- Brassica anchor Waltham 29 Broccoli · sow Jul 23 · harvest Oct 5 · 10d before frost · 12 weeks before first frost
- Leafy block Georgia Southern Collards · sow Aug 6 · harvest Oct 10 · 5d before frost · 10 weeks before first frost
- Greens reset Bloomsdale Spinach · sow Aug 20 · harvest Oct 1 · 14d before frost · 8 weeks before first frost
- Fast gap French Breakfast Radish · sow Sep 3 · harvest Oct 1 · 14d before frost · 6 weeks before first frost
- Fall windows
- 63 crops
- Quick fall crops
- 28 crops
- Direct sowing
- 59 crops
- Succession rows
- 29 crops
- Cover crop reset
- 10 crops
Oct 15 first frost · Jul 23 first sow · 5d tightest harvest buffer
Frost-date workflow
- Start with first frost
- Use a local first-frost estimate as the anchor for fall sowing and transplant timing.
- Work backward
- Use each crop's weeks-before-frost window and days to maturity before assigning bed space.
- Check local constraints
- Confirm soil temperature, heat stress, and regional extension notes before treating a date as ready.
Fall-window seed candidates
- Long Island Improved Brussels Sprouts 16 weeks before first frost · 100 days
- American Flag Leek 14 weeks before first frost · 120 days
- Marketmore 76 Cucumber 12 weeks before first frost · 58 days
- Golden Acre Cabbage 12 weeks before first frost · 64 days
- Snowball Y Cauliflower 12 weeks before first frost · 70 days
- Waltham 29 Broccoli 12 weeks before first frost · 74 days
- American Purple Top Rutabaga 12 weeks before first frost · 90 days
- Provider Bush Bean 10 weeks before first frost · 50 days
- Early White Vienna Kohlrabi 10 weeks before first frost · 55 days
- California Poppy 10 weeks before first frost · 60 days
- Lacinato Kale 10 weeks before first frost · 60 days
- Sugar Snap Pea 10 weeks before first frost · 62 days
- Evergreen Bunching Onion 10 weeks before first frost · 65 days
- Georgia Southern Collards 10 weeks before first frost · 65 days
- Danvers 126 Carrot 10 weeks before first frost · 70 days
- Italian Flat Leaf Parsley 10 weeks before first frost · 75 days
- Spencer Mix Sweet Pea 10 weeks before first frost · 75 days
- Common Chives 10 weeks before first frost · 80 days
- Florence Fennel 10 weeks before first frost · 80 days
- Green Curled Endive 10 weeks before first frost · 85 days
- Black-Eyed Susan 10 weeks before first frost · 90 days
- Tall Maximum Snapdragon 10 weeks before first frost · 100 days
- Giant Imperial Larkspur 10 weeks before first frost · 110 days
- Blanketflower 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Canada Goldenrod 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Clustered Mountain Mint 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Common Milkweed 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Dense Blazing Star 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Eastern Bee Balm 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Foxglove Beardtongue 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Joe Pye Weed 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Lanceleaf Coreopsis 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Little Bluestem 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- New England Aster 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Purple Coneflower 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Swamp Milkweed 10 weeks before first frost · 365 days
- Bright Lights Swiss Chard 9 weeks before first frost · 55 days
- Detroit Dark Red Beet 9 weeks before first frost · 58 days
- Buckwheat Cover Crop 8 weeks before first frost · 35 days
- Bloomsdale Spinach 8 weeks before first frost · 42 days
- Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce 8 weeks before first frost · 45 days
- Southern Giant Curled Mustard 8 weeks before first frost · 45 days
- White Stem Bok Choy 8 weeks before first frost · 45 days
- Yellow Mustard Cover Crop 8 weeks before first frost · 45 days
- Sweet Alyssum 8 weeks before first frost · 50 days
- Vit Mache Corn Salad 8 weeks before first frost · 50 days
- Bouquet Dill 8 weeks before first frost · 55 days
- Jewel Mix Nasturtium 8 weeks before first frost · 55 days
- Purple Top White Globe Turnip 8 weeks before first frost · 55 days
- Annual Ryegrass Cover Crop 8 weeks before first frost · 60 days
- Berseem Clover Cover Crop 8 weeks before first frost · 60 days
- Field Pea Cover Crop 8 weeks before first frost · 60 days
- Minowase Daikon Radish 8 weeks before first frost · 60 days
- Pacific Beauty Calendula 8 weeks before first frost · 60 days
- Spring Oats Cover Crop 8 weeks before first frost · 60 days
- Blue Boy Bachelor's Button 8 weeks before first frost · 65 days
- Crimson Clover Cover Crop 8 weeks before first frost · 90 days
- Hairy Vetch Cover Crop 8 weeks before first frost · 180 days
- Santo Cilantro 7 weeks before first frost · 50 days
- Oilseed Radish Cover Crop 7 weeks before first frost · 60 days
- French Breakfast Radish 6 weeks before first frost · 28 days
- Astro Arugula 6 weeks before first frost · 35 days
- Winter Rye Cover Crop 6 weeks before first frost · 180 days
Fall-focused regional checks
- Oklahoma Fall Vegetable Garden OSU checks fall planting periods, crop maturity, watering, and cold-frame extension before first freeze
- Texas Fall Vegetable Garden Texas A&M checks five-region fall dates, frost-tolerant crop groups, and late-summer transplant establishment
- Washington County Utah Fall Vegetable Calendar USU checks August direct-seed rows, September transplant rows, elevation shifts, and frost caveats
- Arkansas Fall Vegetable Planting Dates UAEX checks fall crop maturity rows, July-September planting periods, and four-week transplant seed starts
Regional timing fallback
- Alabama Seasons 25 catalog crop examples
- Alameda East Bay 28 catalog crop examples
- Alaska Short Season 12 catalog crop examples
- Arizona Elevation Bands 30 catalog crop examples
- Arkansas Fall 17 catalog crop examples
- Arkansas Zone C 26 catalog crop examples
- Butte Foothills 22 catalog crop examples
- California Interior Valley 25 catalog crop examples
- Central Florida 10 catalog crop examples
- Central Maryland 25 catalog crop examples
- Central Missouri 11 catalog crop examples
- Central NH 31 catalog crop examples
- Central Oregon Seeds 15 catalog crop examples
- Chicago Area IL 20 catalog crop examples
- Colorado Front Range 8 catalog crop examples
- Colorado Containers 19 catalog crop examples
- Colorado Mountains 25 catalog crop examples
- Connecticut Calendar 30 catalog crop examples
- Contra Costa Interior 18 catalog crop examples
- Delaware Frost 25 catalog crop examples
- East Texas 28 catalog crop examples
- Eastern NC 32 catalog crop examples
- Eastern Oregon Seeds 20 catalog crop examples
- Georgia 17 catalog crop examples
- Georgia Varieties 11 catalog crop examples
- Harris County 34 catalog crop examples
- Hawaii Elevations 13 catalog crop examples
- Idaho Zones 27 catalog crop examples
- Illinois 21 catalog crop examples
- Indiana Frost/Soil 32 catalog crop examples
- Iowa Timing 10 catalog crop examples
- Kansas Calendar 36 catalog crop examples
- Kauai County 19 catalog crop examples
- Kentucky Regions 29 catalog crop examples
- Long Island 18 catalog crop examples
- Louisiana North/South 12 catalog crop examples
- Michigan LP 20 catalog crop examples
- Maine Coast/North 17 catalog crop examples
- Maricopa County 36 catalog crop examples
- Marin Monthly 28 catalog crop examples
- Massachusetts 35 catalog crop examples
- McHenry County IL 28 catalog crop examples
- Middle Georgia 20 catalog crop examples
- Minnesota Soil Temp 33 catalog crop examples
- Mississippi Zones 27 catalog crop examples
- Missouri Varieties 14 catalog crop examples
- Montana Frost Windows 27 catalog crop examples
- Napa County 20 catalog crop examples
- Nebraska Frost/Soil 25 catalog crop examples
- New Jersey Frost 21 catalog crop examples
- New Mexico Zones 17 catalog crop examples
- NYC Area 35 catalog crop examples
- NC Piedmont 17 catalog crop examples
- North Dakota Small Space 16 catalog crop examples
- North Florida 26 catalog crop examples
- North Missouri/Ozark 12 catalog crop examples
- Northern Nevada 20 catalog crop examples
- Northern Wisconsin 32 catalog crop examples
- Central Ohio 32 catalog crop examples
- Oklahoma Fall 18 catalog crop examples
- Oklahoma Planning 22 catalog crop examples
- Orange County Small Space 27 catalog crop examples
- Oregon Coast 27 catalog crop examples
- Oregon Regions 8 catalog crop examples
- Philadelphia Area 34 catalog crop examples
- Pima County 41 catalog crop examples
- Placer County 26 catalog crop examples
- Rhode Island Calendar 31 catalog crop examples
- Rockwall County 28 catalog crop examples
- Sacramento Area 32 catalog crop examples
- San Diego County 25 catalog crop examples
- SLO Cool Season 24 catalog crop examples
- SF/San Mateo 29 catalog crop examples
- Santa Clara County 42 catalog crop examples
- Shasta County Valley 31 catalog crop examples
- Sonoma Planting 39 catalog crop examples
- South Carolina 29 catalog crop examples
- South Dakota Frost/Soil 22 catalog crop examples
- South Florida 22 catalog crop examples
- South Missouri 14 catalog crop examples
- SE Wisconsin 31 catalog crop examples
- Southern Nevada Desert 28 catalog crop examples
- Tennessee Cool Season 6 catalog crop examples
- Tennessee Warm Season 6 catalog crop examples
- Texas Fall 21 catalog crop examples
- Texas Home Garden 27 catalog crop examples
- Travis County 30 catalog crop examples
- Tulare/Kings Valley 29 catalog crop examples
- Upper Midwest 8 catalog crop examples
- Michigan UP 20 catalog crop examples
- Upstate New York 26 catalog crop examples
- Utah Frost Groups 29 catalog crop examples
- Utah Varieties 6 catalog crop examples
- Ventura County 36 catalog crop examples
- Vermont Frost 22 catalog crop examples
- Virginia Zones 27 catalog crop examples
- Walla Walla Inland NW 21 catalog crop examples
- Wasatch Front 31 catalog crop examples
- Washington County Fall 15 catalog crop examples
- Washington County UT 14 catalog crop examples
- Western Washington 23 catalog crop examples
- West Virginia 33 catalog crop examples
- Western NC 40 catalog crop examples
- Willamette Calendar 40 catalog crop examples
- Wisconsin Containers 13 catalog crop examples
- Wyoming Statewide 9 catalog crop examples
- Midwest Native Pollinators 7 catalog crop examples
- Yolo County Spring 9 catalog crop examples
- York County PA 8 catalog crop examples
- York County Seeds 21 catalog crop examples
- Yuma County 38 catalog crop examples
Supporting planning paths
- Fall-Planting Seeds 63 catalog entries with first-frost windows
- Planting Calendar Tool Convert frost offsets into dates
- USDA Zone and Frost-Date Planner Keep hardiness zone separate from annual crop timing
- Frost Protection and Season Extension Planner Plan row cover, cold-frame, and early-freeze protection before fall crops run out of season
- Cool Season Seeds Cold-tolerant spring and fall candidates
Source basis
- CSU vegetable planting guide 14 entries cite this source
- OSU Extension fall gardening Oklahoma Fall regional timing source
- Penn State cole crops for home vegetable gardens 5 entries cite this source
- Penn State plant factsheets 4 entries cite this source
- Penn State planting for pollinators 2 entries cite this source
- Penn State pollinator recommendations 1 entry cites this source
- Seed Savers seed saving guide 8 entries cite this source
- Texas A&M AgriLife fall vegetable gardening guide Texas Fall regional timing source
- UAEX Arkansas fall vegetable planting dates Arkansas Fall regional timing source
- UMN companion planting guide 1 entry cites this source
- UMN planting the vegetable garden 8 entries cite this source
- UMN starting seeds indoors 3 entries cite this source
- USU Extension Washington County Fall Vegetable Garden Calendar Washington County Fall regional timing source
- Wisconsin Extension cover crops and green manures 10 entries cite this source
- Xerces pollinator-friendly native plant lists 7 entries cite this source
Five regions already have this plan dated
A fall plan is a bet against the first frost date. Five regions on this site (Texas, North Florida, Central Maryland, New York City and York County, PA) have that bet worked out crop by crop, from the windows their own extension service publishes. No other region is covered yet.
- Texas fall crops that still have frost runway AgriLife Region III fall windows measured against the Austin average first frost date.
- North Florida fall sowing that is still worth starting UF/IFAS month-level windows measured against the NOAA 36 F average first frost date.
- Central Maryland fall sowing that still beats the first frost UMD Extension windows measured against the NOAA median first frost at BWI.
- Which New York City area fall plantings have already closed Cornell CCE planting-time columns measured against the NOAA median first frost at Central Park.
- York County, Pennsylvania last-sow dates before first frost Penn State Extension sowing windows measured against the NOAA median first frost at York.
- How the frost-runway answer is built The published window, the days to maturity, the first frost, and which regions have all three.